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In light of increasing worries about how petrol mixed with 20% ethanol (E20) might affect vehicle performance, the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas has provided a thorough explanation that calls these concerns “mostly baseless and lacks scientific backing or expert evaluation.” In a message posted on X (formerly Twitter), the ministry addressed recent news stories that raised doubts about whether E20 fuel could harm older cars or negatively impact the driving experience. Referencing several studies and expert opinions, it affirmed that E20 is safe and even advantageous. The ministry mentioned that extensive tests on both carbureted and fuel-injected cars over 100,000 kilometers indicated “no major differences” in power, torque, or fuel efficiency between E20 and regular petrol. These evaluations were conducted every 10,000 kilometers and assessed engine functionality as well as emissions and mechanical sturdiness.
Further evaluations by the Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI), Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), and the research and development division of Indian Oil Corporation validated that even older cars, referred to as “legacy vehicles,” did not experience unusual wear and tear. E20 also successfully underwent both hot and cold engine start tests without showing any engine damage. One of the most common worries about E20 is the potential for lower mileage. Since ethanol contains less energy than petrol, it does lead to a slight decrease in fuel efficiency. The ministry recognized this but clarified that the decrease is typically only about 1–2% for vehicles set up for E10 and adjusted for E20. For older or non-optimized cars, this could be between 3–6%. However, the ministry pointed out that this decrease is not “significant” and can be offset with appropriate engine tuning and the use of materials compatible with E20—steps that leading car manufacturers have already taken since April 2023, according to the Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM).
Fears that E20 might cause corrosion in car parts were also addressed. The ministry clarified that rust inhibitors are already included in the fuel's mixture, and safety standards are well defined according to BIS and Automotive Industry Standards. In older cars, it may be necessary to replace certain rubber parts or gaskets after 20,000 to 30,000 kilometers, which is a cheap and regular maintenance task.
The government emphasized that mixing ethanol with fuel is not only safe but also good for the environment and a smart economic decision. Ethanol, which is made from plants, takes the place of fossil fuel gasoline and greatly reduces carbon dioxide emissions. A study by Niti Aayog showed that emissions throughout the life cycle of ethanol made from sugarcane are 65% less than those from gasoline, and ethanol from maize produces 50% fewer greenhouse gases. Ethanol is currently being created from various materials like extra rice, maize, damaged grains, and agricultural waste, supporting India’s goal for second-generation biofuels. This approach not only lessens environmental damage but also boosts the income of people in rural areas. Since the 2014-15 period, India has saved more than Rs 1.40 lakh crore in foreign currency by replacing gasoline with ethanol. Additionally, the programme for buying ethanol has allowed for quick payments exceeding Rs 1.20 lakh crore to farmers, helping to create jobs and boost demand in rural communities.
E20, which has a higher octane level (approximately 108.5 compared to 84.4 for gasoline), also meets the performance requirements of modern high-compression engines. The higher heat required to turn ethanol into vapor lowers the temperature in the intake manifold, which enhances engine performance and results in a smoother ride. In response to concerns that the transition to E20 has been abrupt or not well explained, the ministry highlighted the Roadmap for Ethanol Blending in India 2020–25, which has been publicly available since 2021. The rollout has been done in stages with the involvement of car manufacturers, fuel companies, and regulatory bodies.
The ministry clarified that claims suggesting ethanol-blended petrol damages vehicles or cheats consumers “lack a technical basis.” Supported by research, standards, and a national plan, E20 is being promoted as a scientifically valid, environmentally friendly, and economically advantageous step towards achieving energy independence.
